Trading profit

Trading profit is closely related to operating profit and EBIT. The definition of trading profit can vary. It is usually excludes certain items, in order to give a better view of the underlying results. The excluded items typically include:

• one-off items such as restructuring charges and profits on the sale of businesses
• impairments and other non-cash items
• changes in the fair value of financial securities
• profits from associates and joint ventures.

Trading profit is rarely very different from adjusted operating profit.